School phobia, school avoidance and school refusal are
terms that describe an anxiety disorder in children who have an irrational,
persistent fear of going to school. Their behavior is different from
children who are truant and express no
apprehension about missing school. Children who have school avoidance wants to
be in close contact with their parents or caregiver, whereas truants do not.
School phobic children are often insecure, sensitive, and do not know how to
cope their emotions. They appear anxious and may become physically ill at the
thought of attending school.
Normal separation anxiety typically occurs between
18-24 months. Children this age may cling, cry and/or have temper tantrums when
they are separated from their parent. However, some older children continue to
have difficulty being away from home. The parents of these children are often
attentive and loving, but may be overprotective. As a result, some students
lack self-confidence and the ability to cope with school life. A child who
shows a higher risk for school phobia is one who has no siblings, the youngest
child or a chronically ill child.
Most children
object to going to school at one time or another. However, a school phobic
child often misses many days for vague reasons. Parents should be concerned if
their child appears irrationally anxious, depressed, scared, and/or regularly
says that he or she feels too sick to attend class.
Causes
Both home and school issues need to be considered when
searching for the reasons that contribute to school avoidance.
Home issues: A child may-
·
Be
experiencing a family change like a move, illness, separation, divorce, death,
depression, or financial problems.
·
Have
been absent from school due to a long illness.
·
Enjoy
a parent’s undivided attention when not in school.
·
Be
allowed to watch television, play video games or with toys rather than complete
school work.
·
Have
an overprotective parent who reinforces the idea that being away from him or
her could be harmful.
·
Be
apprehensive of an impending tragedy at home.
·
Fear
of an adult at home might hurt a family member while the child is at school.
·
Be
afraid of neighborhood violence, storms, floods, fires, etc.
School issues: A child may-
·
Fear criticism, ridicule, confrontation,
or punishment by teacher or other school personnel.
·
Have learning difficulties-e.g., afraid
to read aloud, take tests, receive poor grades, be called on to answer
questions or perform on a stage.
·
Be afraid of not making perfect test
scores.
·
Be sensitive to school activity such as
singing a certain song, playing a specific game, attending a school assembly,
eating in a lunch room or changing clothes for physical education in front of
peers.
·
Exhibit poor athletic ability, being
chosen last for a team or being ridiculed for not performing well.
·
Fear teasing due to appearance,
clothes, weight, height etc.
·
Feel socially inadequate due to poor
social interaction skills.
·
Be a victim of peer bullying during
school, walking to or from school, or on the school bus.
·
Receive threats of physical harm.
·
Have difficulty adjusting to a new
school.
·
Have toileting issues concerning the
use of a school restroom.
·
Be environmentally sensitive to new
carpet, fragrant cleaning supplies and /or poorly ventilated classrooms.
Symptoms
Symptoms of school phobia are:
·
Frequent
stomachaches and other physical complaints such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
exhaustion, or headaches that cannot be attributed to a physical ailment.
·
Clinginess,
tantrums, and/or panic when required to separate from a parent or caregiver.
·
Fear
of the dark or being in a room alone.
·
Trouble
going to sleep and/or having nightmares.
·
Exaggerated
fears of animals, monsters, school, etc.
·
Constant
thoughts concerning the safety of self or others.
Usually,
school phobia lasts only a short time, especially if a parent insists on school
attendance. However, if the problem persists, consultation with school
personnel will be necessary to form a unified home and school approach. If
ignored, chronic school phobias can result in the deterioration of academic performance,
peer relationships, work quality, and possibly lead to adult anxiety, panic
attacks. Or psychiatric disorders.
Management
·
Behaviour therapy
·
Drug treatment. Homoeopathy medicines.
HOMOEOPATHIC REMEDIES
Homoeopathy today is a
growing system and is being practiced all over the world. Its strength lies in
its evident effectiveness as it takes a holistic approach towards the sick
individual through promotion of inner balance at mental, emotional, spiritual
and physical levels. When SCHOOL PHOBIA is concerned there are many effective
medicines are available in Homoeopathy, but the selection depends upon the
individuality of the patient, considering the mental and physical symptoms.
BARYTA
CARBONICA
Baryta carbonica is one of the leading remedies for
school phobia where the fear is due to their slow mental grasp and learning
disabilities. They fear they are ridiculed by others in class room. Poor
memory. They suffer from loss of memory, mental weakness. Children cannot remember to learn. Child does
not want to play, but sits in the corner doing nothing. Slow in all
developments –slow to walk, talk, read, speak or mature.
BISMUTHUM
Bismuthum is another best remedy for school phobia,
where the child holds on to its mother’s hand, a strong fear of school. They
suffer from acute stomach pain due this phobia. Craving to cold drinks is
characteristic to Bismuthum.
CALCAREA
CARONICA
Calcarea carb is suited to fat, fair and flabby child,
catches cold very easily. They are forgetful, confused, misplaces words, and
expresses himself wrong. Fears of being observed. Dull lethargic children who
do not want to play. They prefer safety
to high-risk behaviors. They are cautious. They prefer indigestible things like
dirt, chalk, coal, pencil etc. Craving for eggs is characteristic to Calcarea
carb. Profuse sweating during sleep, especially head and chest.
CALCAREA
PHOSPHORICA
Calcarea phos child is often suffering from school
headaches and stomach pain, a reason for school phobia. It is a remedy for bad
effects of mental strain, such as headaches in school children of weak
intelligence. Children are peevish and fretful, difficulty in performing
intellectual operations They are dull, obtuse having poor memory. Feeble minded
children unable to sustained mental work. They often suffer from fractures and
growing pains due to poor nutrition. Also, they often suffer from enlarged
glands. They have a craving for bacon, ham, salted or smoked meats.
PULSATILLA
NIGRICANS
Pulsatilla child is dainty looking with fine skin and
hair. They are mild, timid, emotional and tearful. They tend to weep easily.
Craves sympathy and attention. Changeable nature is another leading symptom of
Pulsatilla. Their digestive system is easily disturbed by rich foods, fats,
pork, pastries, desserts, ice creams etc. Thirstlessness is another
characteristic symptom of Pulsatilla. All complaints are better from open air.
TUBERCULINUM
Tuberculinum is indicated for very sensitive, mentally
and physically children. Mentally deficient children. Great nervous weakness.
Rapid emaciation of the body. Catch common cold very easily. Diarrhea in
children running for weeks. Poor appetite. Desire for cold milk. Tubercular
history.